What are security controls in the context of cloud computing?

In the context of cloud computing, security controls refer to the mechanisms or practices that are put in place to mitigate risks associated with data and system vulnerabilities. These controls are essential as they help to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data stored and processed in cloud environments. They can include a wide range of measures, such as encryption, access controls, monitoring, and incident response strategies. By implementing effective security controls, organizations can manage risks more effectively and safeguard their cloud resources against threats such as unauthorized access, data breaches, and service disruptions.

While other options touch on related concepts, they do not accurately capture the definition of security controls. Policies that restrict user access relate more specifically to governance and user management rather than the broader scope of security controls. Standards for cloud service pricing focus on the financial aspects of cloud services, which do not pertain to security. Protocols for data transfer, although important for secure data transmission, represent only a subset of security controls rather than the full spectrum of practices dedicated to risk mitigation. Thus, the correct answer emphasizes the overarching role of security controls in comprehensive risk management strategies within cloud computing.